Disruption of sandy beach ecosystems
Disruption of sandy beach ecosystems. The coastal spread of urbanization and industrialization often replaces the fordunes with roads, highways, restaurants, homes, and hotels. This process is known as coastal squeeze. When building closer and closer to the ocean-water occurs, infrastructure may pass beyond the sandy shore, leaving only the surf zone. In these cases, a seawall is needed. When dunes do not provide back protection to sections of the beach, there is the risk of the entire beach disappearing. A phenomenon that can also happen with a rise in water level.
Front Ecol Environ 2021; 19( 10): 564– 573, doi: 10.1002/fee.2406
Keywords:
Disruption,
sandy beach ecosystems
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