In 2020, there were around 26 million refugees in the world - the number is expected to increase due to the situation in Afghanistan. 

Refugees are often exposed to infectious diseases, and suffer from malnutrition. Some factors that increase refugees’ exposure to communicable diseases are overcrowding, poor ventilation, contaminated drinking water, and a lack of sanitary living conditions. Additionally, many refugees are more susceptible to infectious diseases due to missing vaccinations because of inadequate access to healthcare. Antibiotic resistance is also a concern in refugee camps as antibiotic treatment regimens are interrupted at much higher rates than in the general population and from exposure to sewage containing antibiotics from humans and animals. Additionally, zoonotic infections associated with living near livestock are a concern facing refugees. A One Health approach of maintaining healthy animals living in and near refugee camps through efforts such as rabies vaccination for dogs also promotes human health.

Reference:

Sutradhar, I., & Zaman, M. H. (2021). One Health approaches to improve refugee health. The Lancet. Global health, 9(12), e1646–e1647. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00416-2